![]() Contribution of macrophages to enhanced regenerative capacity of dorsal root Ganglia sensory neurons by conditioning injury. Kwon MJ, Kim J, Shin H, Jeong SR, Kang YM, Choi JY, et al. Long-term accumulation of microglia with proneurogenic phenotype concomitant with persistent neurogenesis in adult subventricular zone after stroke. Thored P, Heldmann U, Gomes-Leal W, Gisler R, Darsalia V, Taneera J, et al. ![]() Heme oxygenase-1 exacerbates early brain injury after intracerebral haemorrhage. Neurobiology of microglial action in CNS injuries: receptor-mediated signaling mechanisms and functional roles. Hu X, Liou AK, Leak RK, Xu M, An C, Suenaga J, et al. Resting microglia directly monitor the functional state of synapses in vivo and determine the fate of ischemic terminals. Wake H, Moorhouse AJ, Jinno S, Kohsaka S, Nabekura J. Evidence for synaptic stripping by cortical microglia. Trapp BD, Wujek JR, Criste GA, Jalabi W, Yin X, Kidd GJ, et al. Microglia: active sensor and versatile effector cells in the normal and pathologic brain. Microglial cell origin and phenotypes in health and disease. The origin and cell lineage of microglia: new concepts. Kettenmann H, Hanisch UK, Noda M, Verkhratsky A. Further identification of the microglial receptors and/or signaling pathways that are in charge of functional phenotype switch is essential for the research in the stroke field and for the identification of therapeutic targets. We also discuss the different roles of activated microglia in ischemic brain injury and post-injury brain repair. In this review, we describe the main surface receptors that involve in microglial activation after stroke, with a focus on their engagement of distinct functional programs. Upon activation, these highly plastic cells may assume diverse phenotypes and play dualistic roles in brain injury and recovery. ![]() Microglia express a wide range of surface receptors, which control the “On” or “Off” responses of microglia and maintain their functional homeostasis. They serve as the first line of defense against CNS injuries such as ischemic stroke. Microglia are the residential immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS).
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